This is an excellent way to learn. The attached image is a typical stock summary or “snapshot” for a company (let’s assume it’s for a company like “ABC Ltd.”) on an Indian trading platform.
Here is a detailed, term-by-term explanation with examples based on the values in your image.
1. Basic Price & Trading Data
These terms tell you about the stock’s trading activity for the most recent session.
| Term | Explanation | Example from Image (Value: 2,305.20) |
| Open | The price at which the stock started trading when the market opened for the day. | ABC Ltd.’s first trade of the day was executed at ₹2,305.20 per share. |
| Previous Close | The stock’s closing price on the previous trading day. | At the end of yesterday’s session, ABC Ltd. was trading at ₹2,304.40. The small increase from yesterday’s close to today’s open indicates a slightly positive opening. |
| High | The highest price at which the stock traded during the current trading day. | Today, the price of ABC Ltd. reached a peak of ₹2,338.90. |
| Low | The lowest price at which the stock traded during the current trading day. | Today, the price of ABC Ltd. fell to a minimum of ₹2,281.00. |
| Volume | The total number of shares that were traded during the day. | A total of 681,099 shares of ABC Ltd. changed hands today. |
| Value (Lacs) | The total monetary value of all the trades for the day, expressed in Lacs (1 Lac = 100,000 Rupees). | The combined value of all ABC Ltd. shares traded today was ₹15,670.73 Lacs, which is ₹1,567,073,000 (over 156 Crore Rupees). |
| WAP (Weighted Average Price) | The average price of the stock during the day, weighted by volume. It’s a better average than (High+Low)/2 because it considers how much trading happened at each price. | On average, investors paid about ₹2,311.46 per share for ABC Ltd. today, considering all transactions. |
2. Price Limits & Historical Range
These terms help you understand the stock’s volatility and its price boundaries.
| Term | Explanation | Example from Image |
| UC Limit (Upper Circuit Limit) | The maximum price the stock is allowed to reach in a single day. If the stock hits this price, trading can be halted (no one can buy at a higher price). | For ABC Ltd., the exchange has set a maximum price of ₹2,534.80 for today. It cannot go higher than this. |
| LC Limit (Lower Circuit Limit) | The minimum price the stock is allowed to fall to in a single day. If it hits this price, trading can be halted (no one can sell at a lower price). | The exchange-mandated floor price for ABC Ltd. for today is ₹2,074.00. |
| 52 Week High | The highest price at which the stock has traded in the past year (52 weeks). | In the last year, the highest point ABC Ltd. reached was ₹2,890.00. |
| 52 Week Low | The lowest price at which the stock has traded in the past year (52 weeks). | In the last year, the lowest point ABC Ltd. fell to was ₹1,541.70. |
| All Time High | The highest price the stock has ever reached since it was listed. | Since its IPO, the absolute highest price ABC Ltd. ever achieved was ₹2,890.00 (which is also its 52-week high). |
| All Time Low | The lowest price the stock has ever reached since it was listed. | The absolute lowest price ABC Ltd. ever traded at was ₹1,541.70. |
3. Volume & Delivery Data
These terms give you insight into the intensity and nature of trading.
| Term | Explanation | Example from Image |
| 200 Avg Volume | The average number of shares traded per day over the last 200 trading days (approx. one year). | Typically, about 928,087 shares of ABC Ltd. are traded daily. Today’s volume (681,099) is below this average, suggesting lower-than-usual activity. |
| 200 Avg Delivery(%) | The percentage of trades that resulted in the actual delivery of shares (i.e., buyers took shares to their Demat account, instead of selling them the same day). A high % suggests long-term investor interest. | On average, 58.71% of the trades in ABC Ltd. are delivery-based, indicating a healthy mix of investors and intraday traders. |
4. Fundamental Valuation Ratios
These are crucial metrics used to determine if a stock is fairly valued, overvalued, or undervalued.
| Term | Explanation | Example from Image & Interpretation |
| TTM EPS (Trailing Twelve Months Earnings Per Share) | The company’s total profit divided by the number of outstanding shares, calculated for the past 12 months. It shows the company’s profitability on a per-share basis. | ABC Ltd. earned a profit of ₹70.35 for each of its shares in the last year. The note “(4.18% YoY)” means this EPS has decreased by 4.18% compared to the previous year. |
| TTM PE (Trailing Twelve Months Price-to-Earnings Ratio) | The current share price divided by its TTM EPS. It tells you how much you are paying for each rupee of the company’s earnings. | The PE ratio is 32.71. This means investors are paying ₹32.71 for every ₹1 of ABC Ltd.’s annual earnings. |
| Sector PE | The average PE ratio for all the major companies in the same industry sector. | The average PE for ABC Ltd.’s industry is 36.68. Comparing ABC’s PE (32.71) to its sector PE (36.68) suggests it might be relatively less expensive than its peers. |
| Book Value Per Share | The company’s net asset value (Total Assets – Total Liabilities) divided by the number of shares. It represents the value of the company if it were liquidated. | The net asset value behind each share of ABC Ltd. is ₹166.47. |
| P/B (Price-to-Book Ratio) | The current share price divided by its Book Value Per Share. It shows how the market values the company compared to its accounting value. | The P/B is 13.83. This means the stock is trading at a significant premium (13.83 times) to its book value. This is common for companies with strong brands or high future growth prospects (like IT, FMCG). |
| Face Value | The original value of the share as stated by the company. It is used for accounting purposes and is largely irrelevant for trading. It’s often ₹10, ₹5, or ₹1. | Each share of ABC Ltd. has a base legal value of ₹10. |
5. Risk & Return Metrics
| Term | Explanation | Example from Image & Interpretation |
| Beta | A measure of the stock’s volatility in comparison to the overall market (usually Nifty 50). A beta of 1 means the stock moves with the market. | ABC Ltd.’s Beta is 0.79. This means it is less volatile than the market. If Nifty goes up 10%, ABC Ltd. might only go up ~8%. It’s considered a relatively less risky stock. |
| Dividend Yield | The annual dividend per share divided by the current share price, expressed as a percentage. It shows the return you get just from dividends. | The dividend yield is 0.91%. This means if you buy at the current price, your annual dividend income will be 0.91% of your investment. This is low, suggesting the company reinvests most profits for growth rather than paying them out. |
| Mkt Cap (Rs. Cr.) | The total market value of all the company’s outstanding shares. (Share Price x Total Shares). | The total value of all shares of ABC Ltd. is ₹186,949 Crores, making it a Large-Cap company. |
Putting It All Together: A Quick Summary of “ABC Ltd.”
- Performance & Stability:It’s a large, stable company (high market cap) with low volatility (Beta < 1).
- Current Trend:The stock is trading well below its all-time high, and its EPS has seen a slight decline YoY.
- Valuation:Its PE ratio is slightly lower than the sector average, which could make it relatively attractive. However, it trades at a very high P/B ratio, indicating the market values its future potential or brand strength much more than its current assets.
- Investor Profile:It’s not a high-dividend stock, making it more suitable for investors seeking growth rather than regular income.
This comprehensive breakdown should give you a solid understanding of how to read a stock’s data summary.